WHAT IS HYPNOSIS AND WHY DOES
IT WORK?
Hypnosis is a quick and effective method of changing patterns of behavior,
realizing potential and moving beyond limiting ideas and beliefs that no longer
benefit you. It is a perfectly safe and effective method of increasing your
health and happiness through constructive, positive suggestion, and it’s been
approved by the American Medical Association since 1955
It’s becoming mainstream now with some insurance companies covering it
and doctors referring it to their patients.
"People who used self-hypnotic relaxation techniques during surgery needed
less pain medication, left the operating room sooner, and had more stable vital
signs during the operation…" This
research was conducted at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
The most important thing to know is that you are always in control.
All hypnosis is self-hypnosis. All
a hypnotist does is lull you into relaxation by using a tone and rhythm in the
voice that causes you to relax and allow your consciousness to move aside as you
enter a trance-like state. You enter this state by yourself when you get
engrossed in a movie or book, or look at the fire in a fireplace, or listen to
good music with your eyes closed; listen to drums, or even when you dance, and
most especially when you get so engrossed in being “elsewhere” that you pass
your freeway exit because you were daydreaming.
Hypnosis is exactly like that. Just
as you would instantly be alert if a car pulled in front of you, the same
alertness instantly happens if something happens that you need to take care of
while in hypnosis.
We can become entranced by a good speaker or preacher or healing minister.
We also enter a blissful trance state during prayer and meditation.
Trance isn’t hypnosis, but trance must be present for hypnosis to take effect.
Hypnosis is simply suggestions over trance which causes a very strong
desire to satisfy suggested behavior.
You don’t go under anything. You
are not asleep, although sometimes it may feel that way.
In fact, you are more aware than ever and can experience an extraordinary
quality of mental, physical and emotional relaxation.
All of your senses are heightened and there is a lack of response to
outside noises, etc.
A nice benefit is when you go into this altered state, you transfer into right
brain, which results in the internal release of the body’s own opiates,
enkaphalins and Beta-endorphins which are chemically almost identical to opium.
This is why pain can be managed so well with hypnosis.
In other words, you feel very good, and you have a pleasurable, euphoric
sense of well being after emerging from hypnosis.
And since deep relaxation heals the mind and body and produces immune-enhancing
chemicals, you notice you are less stressed and able to handle the challenges in
life easier.
858-750-7534
BENEFITS OF HYPNOSIS
If
you feel discouraged, distressed, dejected, or depressed, we offer a caring
environment and one-on-one hypnosis sessions to encourage
emotional healing.
WHAT HYPNOSIS CAN DO FOR YOU!
DEEP
HYPNOTIC RELAXATION HEALS THE MIND AND BODY AND PRODUCES IMMUNE-ENHANCING
CHEMICALS SO YOU ARE LESS STRESSED AND ABLE TO HANDLE THE CHALLENGES IN
LIFE EASIER.
Transformational Hypnosis is recognized as a powerful tool to change
habits and beliefs through hypnosis suggestions. You can learn how to manage fear,
control pain, eliminate stress, anxiety and
more. Following are just a few of the things that can be accomplished
with clinical and transformational hypnosis. Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP)
and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) may be used in
conjunction with hypnosis.
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Overcome Test Anxiety |
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Stop Smoking - Refuse to Smoke
Program |
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Release Weight - Forever Slender
Program |
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Sleep Better |
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Enhance Fertility |
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Manage Stress |
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Manage
Pain |
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Visualize Wellness |
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Enhance Sports Performance |
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Grief Closure |
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Regression Therapy |
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Remove Phobias/Panic Attacks |
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HypnoBirthing and EZ Birth |
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Relieve Irritable Bowel
Syndrome |
GOAL-ORIENTED
COACHING
Whether
you have a desire for a mentor to achieve a business goal, or a different type
of goal, Lenay has had extensive training in business mentoring. She can
help you decide on what you truly want and help you focus on the end
result. There are a number of techniques offered to inspire you to
successfully achieve your goals.
Call (858) 349-4917 (cell)
Lenay is not licensed by the state of California as a healing arts
practitioner and performs no medical diagnosis, but she is licensed as a hypnotist in Indiana, and she is certified in her field of
expertise as required by the State of California. Lenay has over 500 hours
of training in hypnosis, and she's been a hypnotherapist since 1995.
Some conditions may require a referral from a doctor or psychotherapist.
Hypnosis is meant to be a complement to, not a substitute for traditional
medical treatment.
FIRST CESAREAN WITH
HYPNO-ANESTHESIA
First
cesarean with hypno-anesthesia
Mon, 18 Jun 2007 15:35:06
For the first time in the country, Iranian doctors have used hypnosis as the
sole anesthetic to deliver a baby via cesarean section.
On Saturday at noon, 24-year-old Aida Hassanlou gave birth to her 3.950
kilogram baby girl, Saqi, by C-section while she was awake but under the
effects of hypnosis.
Dr. Roya Khodaei Ob/Gyn, who performed the C-section at Eivaz-Zadeh
Hospital, Tehran, told reporters that her patient did not take any
anesthetic drugs and only hypnoanalgesia techniques were employed during the
operation.
However, anesthetists were present in case of an emergency and her vital
signs were carefully monitored the whole time.
According to Dr. Khodaei, hypnosis blocks the perception of pain, just like
a pain-killing drug, but without the sedation or side-effects.
"Similar methods can be used in natural childbirth as well," she
noted.
Following the easy and successful 45-minute caesarian section, Dr. Hossein
Almasian, the clinical hypnotherapist who used hypnosis on Hassanlou, said
"Even at the point when the patient was feeling slight pain, everything
was
under control during the operation."
"Pain management" is one of the most effective of all hypnosis
applications,
he added.
Volunteering to be the first women to undergo a C-section without
conventional methods of chemical anesthesia, Hassanlou had attended pain
management sessions with Dr. Almasian for four months, before her due date.
"I trust my hypnotherapist," the pioneering mother-to-be had said
before the
operation.
HOW
TO LISTEN TO A HYPNOSIS CD
Don’t drive or operate
machinery while listening to a hypnosis CD.
Shut off your phone, empty your bladder, and sit or lay comfortably
without distraction. Take off
your glasses if you wear them. You
may want to cover with a light blanket.
It is okay to move your body to get comfortable during hypnosis.
Hypnosis is like being
in a daydream. You are
completely aware of my voice and then notice it may fade away.
Sometimes you may feel you have gone to sleep, which is perfectly
fine. There is a very deep level
of comfortable relaxation with hypnosis.
Your conscious mind may step aside, but your subconscious mind hears
and understands everything I say. You
feel perfectly normal, as if you are daydreaming.
The best way to listen is not to pay attention to the words, but just
let them flow over you like a light mist.
You can easily emerge
from hypnosis if there is something that needs your attention…or if you
don’t hear my voice for around a minute.
All hypnosis is self-hypnosis. Unless
you are willing to relax and follow my instructions, you will stay conscious
and present. We must bypass your
conscious mind to create hypnosis. The
rhythm and tone of my voice will lull you to relax, then you create a trance-like state and hypnosis is present.
Trance isn’t hypnosis. Hypnosis
is suggestions on top of trance. Trance
must be present for hypnosis to occur. You
constantly entrance yourself…when you watch a good movie, get engrossed in
a book, watch the rain or the fire in a fireplace, listen to drums or dance,
or miss your freeway exit because your mind was “elsewhere.”
Hypnosis is exactly like that. You
don’t go under anything or into the Twilight Zone. This isn’t the occult
or something in a horror movie. You are always safe and comfortable and in
control. The American Medical
Association has accepted hypnosis since 1955.
Many major psychologists and psychiatrists are hypnotherapists.
The first few times you
may be aware of my voice and what I am saying, but after you are comfortable
with the process and realize how wonderful it is, you will notice you let go
faster into deep relaxation.
It is most important not
to allow outside thoughts and critical thinking to occur.
If your mind becomes more conscious…just allow your thoughts and my
voice to relax you deeper. If
you feel like you are in a relaxed daydream, you are hypnotized.
Hypnosis creates
immune-enhancing chemicals, eliminates stress and tension, and gives you a
sense of well-being. You feel
good. 30 minutes of hypnosis is
comparable to 3 hours of sleep. You
will emerge refreshed and alert.
MEDICALLY REFERRED HYPNOSIS/AMA
If your physician or therapist does not mention hypnosis as an adjunct to
your medical care, it is because he or she may lack sufficient knowledge or
training in this specialized field.
Hypnotherapy sessions and
individualized instructions for training the patient in self-hypnosis take time,
and, perhaps, prohibit your physician from incorporating hypnosis into the
overall treatment of your condition. Your physician, however, has the discretion
to refer you to a Hypnotherapist and you, the patient, have the right to ask
your physician to refer you to a Hypnotherapist. There is strong evidence
that a higher incidence of healing occurs in cancer patients who de-stress
themselves with meditation and/or visualization.
Today, hypnotherapy is one of the most scientifically endorsed
complementary therapies. Physicians recommend Hypnotherapists for:
|
Pain Management |
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Suggestions for easily tolerating chemotherapy and having the
medications work effectively. |
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Expecting positive outcome. Visualizing this as so. |
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Relieving anxiety and stress - replacing it with calm and peace |
|
HypnoBirthing |
|
Hypnodontics - Relieve the fear of dental work |
|
Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
In 1958, the American Medical Association (AMA) accepted clinical hypnosis
as an adjunct to standard medical care. The AMA recommended that hypnosis
instruction be included in the curricula of medical schools and postgraduate
training centers. In 1961, the AMA recommended a minimum of 108 hours of
training in hypnotherapy for student physicians and medical doctors.
Still, hypnosis is one of the most misunderstood adjuncts to standard
medical care. According to a survey published in the 1996 issue of the American
Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, the majority or 79% of the interviewed
physicians and 67% of residents had no prior training in hypnosis and even fewer
experienced clinical hypnosis. The good news is that 85% of these practitioners
expressed an interest in hypnosis education.
|
All complementary medical
hypnosis must have your doctor's referral. Lenay will give you a form
at the first session to take to your doctor. |
|
An average session with Lenay
is one hour. Usually 6 to 12 sessions are normal for
complementary medical hypnosis at a cost of $125 per session. Some
insurance companies like Blue Cross Blue Shield do reimburse for
hypnosis. Lenay will not fill out insurance papers and must be paid
directly; however, she will give you a receipt with the appropriate code
that you can send to your insurance company. |
|
Personalized CDs or tapes can be made
for your specific needs. |
MRI SHOWS HYPNOSIS IN
PAIN MANAGEMENT
MRI Study Shows How Hypnosis Eases Pain:
Presented at ENS
By Thomas S. May
RHODES, GREECE -- June 19, 2007 -- Hypnosis can result in a significant
reduction in pain awareness, and the neurophysiological correlates of this
analgesic effect have now been identified by a functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) study that was presented here at the 17th Meeting of the
EuropeanNeurological Society (ENS).
The study used 13 healthy subjects and tested them twice: once under
hypnosis and once in a normal state. During each session, 200 laser stimuli
with
intensity ranging from 300 to 600 mJ were administered on the left hand.
Subjects rated their sensations from P0 to P4 (P0: nothing perceived, P1:
non-painful sensation, P2: mild pain, P3: moderate pain, P4: intense pain).
The
researchers used fMRI scans taken during the two sessions to assess
activation
levels in various brain regions in response to the stimulation.
The investigators found that there was a significant difference in the
perception of higher intensity pain stimuli in the normal versus the
hypnotic state (mean score 1.9±0.3 vs. 1.2±0.4, respectively), but not for the
non-painful range of intensity (mean score 0.5±0.2 vs. 0.4±0.3, respectively).
These results show that hypnosis is most effective at altering the
perception of acute pain, the researchers concluded. "Perception of
intense pain was significantly altered while participants were under
hypnosis," said Steven Laureys, MD, PhD, director, Coma Science Group, University of Liege, Liege,
Belgium. "However, for levels of pain at the low end of the scale,
hypnosis
barely altered perception of the stimuli," Dr. Laureys stated.
In the normal state, high-intensity (painful) compared to low-intensity
(non-painful) stimuli induced greater activation in the (bilateral)
thalamus,
primary somatosensory cortex (S1), insula, and the anterior cingulate
cortex.
But in the hypnotic state, high-intensity compared to low-intensity stimuli
resulted in significantly greater activation in area S1 only, Dr. Laureys
reported. There was no significant difference in activation levels in the
bilateral
thalamus, left insula and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex during
high-intensity vs. low-intensity stimulation in subjects under hypnosis, he
noted.
"We were able to clearly demonstrate, at the level of neural
mechanisms,
that hypnosis has actual effects in reducing pain perception," said Dr.
Laureys. "It appears that pain continues to be registered in the primary
somatosensory cortex," he explained, "but other areas of the brain
involved in pain perception, such as the anterior cingulated gyrus, which allows sensory
stimuli to trigger appropriate physical reactions and affect emotions, respond to
painful stimuli significantly less in the hypnotic state, as compared to the
normal state."
[Presentation title: MRI Study of Hypnosis-induced Analgesia. Abstract]
USE
OF HYPNOSIS IN PAIN MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL
JOURNAL ABSTRACTS
Wright,
B. R. and P. D. Drummond (2001). "The effect of Rapid Induction
Analgesia on subjective pain ratings and pain tolerance." Int J Clin
Exp Hypn 49(2): 109-22.
The effect of Rapid Induction Analgesia (RIA) on pain tolerance and
ratings of mechanically induced pain in the pain-sensitized forearm was
investigated in 58 undergraduates. Posthypnotic suggestions of relaxation
and analgesia did not influence pain ratings or tolerance, but relaxation
ratings increased after RIA. When suggestions for analgesia were made
throughout pain testing, ratings of pain unpleasantness at the pain
tolerance point decreased more in the RIA group than in the attention
control group. However, RIA did not influence pain threshold or tolerance.
It was concluded that RIA was more effective in reducing subjective reports
of pain (particularly the affective component) than in altering pain
tolerance, and that maintenance of hypnotic suggestions was more effective
than posthypnotic suggestions of comfort and relaxation in alleviating the
affective component of pain.
Rosen,
G., F. Willoch, et al. (2001). "Neurophysiological processes underlying
the phantom limb pain experience and the use of HYPNOSIS in its clinical
management: an intensive examination of two patients." Int J Clin Exp
Hypn 49(1): 38-55.
In a pilot study with 2 patients suffering from phantom limb pain (PLP),
hypnotic suggestions were used to modify and control the experience of the
phantom limb, and positron emission tomography (PET) was used to index
underlying pathways and areas involved in the processing of phantom limb
experience (PLE) and PLP. The patients' subjective experiences of pain were
recorded in a semistructured protocol. PET results demonstrated activation
in areas known to be responsible for sensory and motor processing. The
reported subjective experiences of PLP and movement corresponded with
predicted brain activity patterns. This work helps to clarify the central
nervous system correlates of phantom limb sensations, including pain. It
further suggests that HYPNOSIS can be incorporated into treatment protocols
for PLP.
Hofbauer,
R. K., P. Rainville, et al. (2001). "Cortical representation of the
sensory dimension of pain." J Neurophysiol 86(1): 402-11.
It is well accepted that pain is a multidimensional experience, but
little is known of how the brain represents these dimensions. We used
positron emission tomography (PET) to indirectly measure pain-evoked
cerebral activity before and after hypnotic suggestions were given to
modulate the perceived intensity of a painful stimulus. These techniques
were similar to those of a previous study in which we gave suggestions to
modulate the perceived unpleasantness of a noxious stimulus. Ten volunteers
were scanned while tonic warm and noxious heat stimuli were presented to the
hand during four experimental conditions: alert control, HYPNOSIS control,
hypnotic suggestions for increased-pain intensity and hypnotic suggestions
for decreased-pain intensity. As shown in previous brain imaging studies,
noxious thermal stimuli presented during the alert and HYPNOSIS-control
conditions reliably activated contralateral structures, including primary
somatosensory cortex (S1), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), anterior
cingulate cortex, and insular cortex. Hypnotic modulation of the intensity
of the pain sensation led to significant changes in pain-evoked activity
within S1 in contrast to our previous study in which specific modulation of
pain unpleasantness (affect), independent of pain intensity, produced
specific changes within the ACC. This double dissociation of cortical
modulation indicates a relative specialization of the sensory and the
classical limbic cortical areas in the processing of the sensory and
affective dimensions of pain.
Wright,
B. R. and P. D. Drummond (2000). "Rapid induction analgesia for the
alleviation of procedural pain during burn care." Burns 26(3): 275-82.
Burn patients must often endure intense pain during their regular
dressing changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the
therapeutic effect of rapid induction analgesia (RIA) on resting and
procedural pain, anticipatory anxiety, relaxation levels and medication
consumption in 30 hospitalized burn patients. Patients rated levels of pain
and relaxation for four burn care sessions. RIA was conducted twice on 15
patients, whereas dressing changes proceeded as usual in 15 control
patients. When asked to recall pain during the dressing changes, patients
remembered an experience which was worse in its entirety than the average of
spot ratings taken during the burn care procedure. However, self-reported
ratings of the sensory and affective components of pain decreased
significantly during and after RIA, particularly in patients who became
readily absorbed, and relaxation increased during burn care. Anticipatory
anxiety decreased before dressing changes in the RIA group, and analgesic
intake decreased between treatment sessions. The promising outcome of this
study confirms RIA as a viable adjunct to narcotic treatment for pain
control during burn care.
Sandrini,
G.,
I.
Milanov, et al. (2000). "Effects of HYPNOSIS on diffuse noxious
inhibitory controls." Physiol Behav 69(3): 295-300.
The neurophysiological mechanisms of hypnotic analgesia are still
under debate. It is known that pain occurring in one part of the body (counterstimulation)
decreases pain in the rest of the body by activating the diffuse noxious
inhibitory controls (DNICs). The aim of this study was to explore the
effects of HYPNOSIS on both pain perception and heterotopic nociceptive
stimulation. The A forms of both the Harward Group Scale of Hypnotic
Susceptibility and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale were
administered to 50 healthy students. Twenty subjects were selected and
assigned to two groups: group A, consisting of 10 subjects with high
hypnotic susceptibility; and group B, consisting of 10 subjects with low
hypnotic susceptibility. The subjects were then randomly assigned first to
either a control session or a session of hypnotic analgesia. The nociceptive
flexion reflex (RIII) was recorded from the biceps femoris muscle in
response to stimulation of the sural nerve. The subjective pain threshold,
the RIII reflex threshold, and the mean area with suprathreshold stimulation
were determined. Heterotopic nociceptive stimulation was investigated by the
cold-pressor test (CPT). During and immediately after the CPT, the
subjective pain threshold, pain tolerance, and mean RIII area were
determined again. The same examinations were repeated during HYPNOSIS.
HYPNOSIS significantly reduced the subjective pain perception and the
nociceptive flexion reflex. It also increased pain tolerance and reduced
pain perception and the nociceptive reflex during the CPT. These effects
were found only in highly susceptible subjects. However, the DNIC's activity
was less evident during HYPNOSIS than during the CPT effects without
HYPNOSIS. Both HYPNOSIS and DNICs were able to modify the perception of
pain. It seems likely that DNICs and HYPNOSIS use the same descending
inhibitory pathways for the control of pain. The susceptibility of the
subject is a critical factor in hypnotically induced analgesia.
Patel,
B., C. Potter, et al. (2000). "The use of HYPNOSIS in dentistry: a
review." Dent Update 27(4): 198-202.
HYPNOSIS is a valuable technique in patient management. With
appropriate training, general dental practitioners can widen the treatment
options they can offer to patients, especially those who are dentally
anxious. This article provides a brief theoretical and historical overview,
and a review of the literature pertaining to the clinical uses of HYPNOSIS
in dentistry.
Martin-Herz,
S. P., C. A. Thurber, et al. (2000). "Psychological principles of burn
wound pain in children. II: Treatment applications." J Burn Care
Rehabil 21(5): 458-72; discussion 457.
The pain involved in acute burn care can be excruciating and
intractable. Even the best pharmacologic pain control efforts often fail to
adequately control pain, especially procedure-related pain, in pediatric
patients with burn injuries. Nonpharmacologic interventions have been found
to be effective in reducing pain in both children and adults and can be
extremely important adjuvants to standard pharmacologic analgesia in the
burn care setting. In the first article in this series, we outlined
psychological factors that influence the emotions, cognitions, and behaviors
of children during wound care. Building on this theoretical framework, we
now present a detailed discussion of the implementation of nonpharmacologic
intervention strategies in the burn care setting. Because accurate
measurement of discomfort is imperative for the development of interventions
and for the evaluation of their efficacy, we begin with a brief review of
pain measurement techniques. We follow this with suggestions for tailoring
interventions to meet specific patient needs and conclude with a detailed
and practical discussion of specific intervention techniques and the
implementation of those techniques.
Faymonville,
M. E.,
S. Laureys
, et al. (2000). "Neural mechanisms of antinociceptive effects of
HYPNOSIS." Anesthesiology 92(5): 1257-67.
BACKGROUND: The neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain
perception by HYPNOSIS remain obscure. In this study, we used positron
emission tomography in 11 healthy volunteers to identify the brain areas in
which HYPNOSIS modulates cerebral responses to a noxious stimulus. METHODS:
The protocol used a factorial design with two factors: state (hypnotic
state, resting state, mental imagery) and stimulation (warm non-noxious vs.
hot noxious stimuli applied to right thenar eminence). Two cerebral blood
flow scans were obtained with the 15O-water technique during each condition.
After each scan, the subject was asked to rate pain sensation and
unpleasantness. Statistical parametric mapping was used to determine the
main effects of noxious stimulation and hypnotic state as well as
state-by-stimulation interactions (i.e., brain areas that would be more or
less activated in HYPNOSIS than in control conditions, under noxious
stimulation). RESULTS: HYPNOSIS decreased both pain sensation and the
unpleasantness of noxious stimuli. Noxious stimulation caused an increase in
regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamic nuclei and anterior cingulate
and insular cortices. The hypnotic state induced a significant activation of
a right-sided extrastriate area and the anterior cingulate cortex. The
interaction analysis showed that the activity in the anterior (mid-)cingulate
cortex was related to pain perception and unpleasantness differently in the
hypnotic state than in control situations. CONCLUSIONS: Both intensity and
unpleasantness of the noxious stimuli are reduced during the hypnotic state.
In addition, hypnotic modulation of pain is mediated by the anterior
cingulate cortex.
Anbar,
R. D. (2000). "Self-HYPNOSIS for patients with cystic fibrosis."
Pediatr Pulmonol 30(6): 461-5.
This report documents the utility of self-HYPNOSIS in patients with
cystic fibrosis (CF). Sixty-three patients 7 years of age or older were
offered the opportunity to be taught self-HYPNOSIS by their pulmonologist.
Forty-nine agreed to learn it. Patients generally were taught HYPNOSIS in
one or two sessions. The outcome of was
determined by patients' answers to open-ended questions regarding their
subjective evaluation of the efficacy of HYPNOSIS. The average age of the 49
patients who were taught and used self-HYPNOSIS was 18.1 years (range, 7-49
years). Many of the patients used HYPNOSIS for more than one purpose,
including relaxation (61% of patients), relief of pain associated with
medical procedures (31%), headache relief (16%), changing the taste of
medications to make the flavor more palatable (10%), and control of other
symptoms associated with CF (18%). The patients successfully utilized
self-HYPNOSIS 86% of the time. No symptoms worsened following . Sixteen
patients chose to practice HYPNOSIS on their own for a half year or longer.
In conclusion, with the use of self-HYPNOSIS, patients with CF can quickly
learn to enhance their control over discomforts associated with therapy and
their disease. Consideration should be given to making instruction in
self-HYPNOSIS available to patients with CF.
Nickelson,
C., J. O. Brende, et al. (1999). "What if your patient prefers an
alternative pain control method? Self-HYPNOSIS in the control of pain."
South Med J 92(5): 521-3.
Despite the availability of specialized treatments for chronic pain,
including biofeedback training, relaxation training, and hypnotic treatment,
most physicians rely on the traditional approaches of surgery or
pharmacotherapy. The patient in this case study had severe and chronic pain
but found little relief from pain medications that also caused side effects.
She then took the initiative to learn and practice self-HYPNOSIS with good
results. Her physician in the resident's internal medicine clinic supported
her endeavor and encouraged her to continue self-HYPNOSIS. This patient's
success shows that self-HYPNOSIS can be a safe and beneficial approach to
control or diminish the pain from chronic pain syndrome and can become a
useful part of a physician's therapeutic armamentarium.
Meurisse,
M., T. Defechereux, et al. (1999). "HYPNOSIS with conscious sedation
instead of general anaesthesia? Applications in cervical endocrine
surgery." Acta Chir Belg 99(4): 151-8.
Between April 1994 and June 1997, 197 thyroidectomies and 21 cervical
explorations for hyperparathyroidism were performed under hypnosedation (HYP)
and compared to the operative data and postoperative courses of a
closely-matched population (n = 121) of patients operated on under general
anaesthesia (GA). Conversion from HYPNOSIS to GA was needed in two cases
(1%). All surgeons reported better operating conditions for cervicotomy
using HYP. All patients having HYP reported a very pleasant experience and
had significantly less postoperative pain while analgesic use was
significantly reduced in this group. Hospital stay was also significantly
shorter, providing a substantial reduction of the medical care costs. The
postoperative convalescence was significantly improved after HYP and full
return to social or professional activity was significantly shortened. We
conclude that HYP is a very efficient technique providing physiological,
psychological and economic benefits to the patient.
Meurisse,
M. (1999). "Thyroid and parathyroid surgery under HYPNOSIS: from
fiction to clinical application]." Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 154(2):
142-50; discussion 150-4.
Since 1992, we have used HYPNOSIS routinely in more than 1400
procedures in plastic surgery. Our clinical success and experience with this
technique led us to test wether HYPNOSIS using active patient collaboration,
could be used as an effective adjunct to conscious intravenous sedation
("hypnosedation", (HS)) for endocrine surgery, as an alternative
to general anaesthesia. On a total of 1905 cervical endocrine surgical
procedures performed between 1995 and 1998, 296 thyroidectomies and 33
cervical explorations for hyperparathyroidism were conducted under HS.
Conversion to GA was needed in three cases (0.9%). All patients having HS
reported a very pleasant experience and had significantly less postoperative
pain while analgesic use was significantly reduced in this group. Hospital
stay was also significantly shorter, providing a substantial reduction of
the costs of medical care. The postoperative convalescence was significantly
improved after HS and full return to social or professional activity was
significantly shortened. We conclude that HS is a very efficient technique
that provide physiological, psychological and economic benefits to the
patient.
Liossi,
C. and P. Hatira (1999). "Clinical HYPNOSIS versus cognitive behavioral
training for pain management with pediatric cancer patients undergoing bone
marrow aspirations." Int J Clin Exp Hypn 47(2): 104-16.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy
of clinical HYPNOSIS versus cognitive behavioral (CB) coping skills training
in alleviating the pain and distress of 30 pediatric cancer patients (age 5
to 15 years) undergoing bone marrow aspirations. Patients were randomized to
one of three groups: HYPNOSIS, a package of CB coping skills, and no
intervention. Patients who received either HYPNOSIS or CB reported less pain
and pain-related anxiety than did control patients and less pain and anxiety
than at their own baseline. HYPNOSIS and CB were similarly effective in the
relief of pain. Results also indicated that children reported more anxiety
and exhibited more behavioral distress in the CB group than in the HYPNOSIS
group. It is concluded that HYPNOSIS and CB coping skills are effective in
preparing pediatric oncology patients for bone marrow aspiration.
Ginandes,
C. S. and
D.
I.
Rosenthal (1999). "Using HYPNOSIS to accelerate the healing of bone
fractures: a randomized controlled pilot study." Altern Ther Health Med
5(2): 67-75.
CONTEXT: HYPNOSIS has been used in numerous medical applications for
functional and psychological improvement, but has been inadequately tested
for anatomical healing. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a hypnotic
intervention accelerates bodily tissue healing using bone fracture healing
as a site-specific test. DESIGN: Randomized controlled pilot study. SETTING:
Massachusetts General
Hospital
,
Boston
, Mass, and
McLean
Hospital
,
Belmont
, Mass. PATIENTS: Twelve healthy adult subjects with the study fracture were
recruited from an orthopedic emergency department and randomized to either a
treatment (n = 6) or a control group (n = 6). One subject, randomized to the
treatment group, withdrew prior to the intervention. INTERVENTION: All 11
subjects received standard orthopedic care including serial radiographs and
clinical assessments through 12 weeks following injury. The treatment group
received a hypnotic intervention (individual sessions, audiotapes) designed
to augment fracture healing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiological and
orthopedic assessments of fracture healing 12 weeks following injury and
hypnotic subjects' final questionnaires and test scores on the Hypnotic
Induction Scale. RESULTS: Results showed trends toward faster healing for
the HYPNOSIS group through week 9 following injury. Objective radiographic
outcome data revealed a notable difference in fracture edge healing at 6
weeks. Orthopedic assessments showing trends toward better healing for
HYPNOSIS subjects through week 9 included improved ankle mobility; greater
functional ability to descend stairs; lower use of analgesics in weeks 1, 3,
and 9; and trends toward lower self-reported pain through 6 weeks.
CONCLUSION: Despite a small sample size and limited statistical power, these
data suggest that HYPNOSIS may be capable of enhancing both anatomical and
functional fracture healing, and that further investigation of HYPNOSIS to
accelerate healing is warranted.
Faymonville,
M. E., M. Meurisse, et al. (1999). "Hypnosedation: a valuable
alternative to traditional anaesthetic techniques." Acta Chir Belg
99(4): 141-6.
HYPNOSIS has become routine practice in our plastic and endocrine
surgery services. Revivication of pleasant life experiences has served as
the hypnotic substratum in a series of over 1650 patients since 1992. In
retrospective studies, followed by randomised prospective studies, we have
confirmed the usefulness of hypnosedation (HYPNOSIS in combination with
conscious IV sedation) and local anaesthesia as a valuable alternative to
traditional anaesthetic techniques. The credibility of hypnotic techniques
and their acceptance by the scientific community will depend on
independently-confirmed and reproducible criteria of assessing the hypnotic
state. Based on the clinical success of this technique, we were interested
in confirming this phenomenon in healthy volunteers. The revivication of
pleasant life experiences thus served as the cornerstone of a basic research
program developed to objectify the neurophysiological attributes of the
hypnotic state. We compared HYPNOSIS to normal alertness with similar
thought content. In our experience, the activation profile obtained during
the hypnotic state was completely different from simple re-memoration of the
same subject matter during normal alertness. This represents an objective
and independent criteria by which to assess the hypnotic state.
Defechereux,
T., M. Meurisse, et al. (1999). "Hypnoanesthesia for endocrine cervical
surgery: a statement of practice." J Altern Complement Med 5(6):
509-20.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of endocrine cervical surgery
under hypnoanesthesia as a valuable, safe, efficient, and economic
alternative to general anesthesia. METHODS: Between April 1994 and June
1997, 197 thyroidectomies and 21 cervical explorations for
hyperparathyroidism were performed under hypnoanesthesia (HYP) using
Erikson's method. Operative data and postoperative course of this initial
series were compared to a contemporary population of patients (n = 119)
clinically similar except that they declined HYP or were judged unsuitable
for it, and who were therefore operated on under general anesthesia (GA).
RESULTS: The surgeons all reported better operating conditions for
cervicotomy using HYP. Conversion from HYPNOSIS to GA was needed in two
cases (1%). All patients having HYP reported a pleasant experience and,
keeping in mind that the GA group is not a randomly assigned control group,
both had significantly less postoperative pain and analgesic use. Hospital
stay was also significantly shorter, providing a substantial reduction in
the costs of medical care. The postoperative convalescence was significantly
improved after HYP and a full return to social or professional activity was
significantly quicker. CONCLUSION: From this study, we conclude that HYP is
an effective technique for providing relief of intraoperative and
postoperative pain in endocrine cervical surgery. The technique results in
high patient satisfaction and better surgical convalescence. This technique
can therefore be used in most well-chosen patients and reduces the
socioeconomic impact of hospitalization.
Botta,
S. A. (1999). "Self-HYPNOSIS as anesthesia for liposuction
surgery." Am J Clin Hypn 41(4): 299-301; discussion 302.
This article demonstrates how the surgeon performs a major surgical
procedure on himself using self-HYPNOSIS as the means of anesthesia and pain
control. The hypnotic techniques used by the author for self HYPNOSIS are
reviewed. These include glove anesthesia and transference; the switch
technique; dissociation; positive imagery; as well as the specific
post-hypnotic suggestions used by the surgeon during the operative procedure
Danziger,
N.,
E. Fournier
, et al. (1998). "Different strategies of modulation can be operative
during hypnotic analgesia: a neurophysiological study." Pain 75(1):
85-92.
Nociceptive electrical stimuli were applied to the sural nerve during
hypnotically-suggested analgesia in the left lower limb of 18 highly
susceptible subjects. During this procedure, the verbally reported pain
threshold, the nociceptive flexion (RIII) reflex and late somatosensory
evoked potentials were investigated in parallel with autonomic responses and
the spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG). The hypnotic suggestion of
analgesia induced a significant increase in pain threshold in all the
selected subjects. All the subjects showed large changes (i.e., by 20% or
more) in the amplitudes of their RIII reflexes during hypnotic analgesia by
comparison with control conditions. Although the extent of the increase in
pain threshold was similar in all the subjects, two distinct patterns of
modulation of the RIII reflex were observed during the hypnotic analgesia:
in 11 subjects (subgroup 1), a strong inhibition of the reflex was observed
whereas in the other seven subjects (subgroup 2) there was a strong
facilitation of the reflex. All the subjects in both subgroups displayed
similar decreases in the amplitude of late somatosensory evoked cerebral
potentials during the hypnotic analgesia. No modification in the autonomic
parameters or the EEG was observed. These data suggest that different
strategies of modulation can be operative during effective hypnotic
analgesia and that these are subject-dependent. Although all subjects may
shift their attention away from the painful stimulus (which could explain
the decrease of the late somatosensory evoked potentials), some of them
inhibit their motor reaction to the stimulus at the spinal level, while in
others, in contrast, this reaction is facilitated.
Ohrbach
(1998). "HYPNOSIS afHter an adverse response to opioids in an ICU burn
patient." Clin J Pain 14(2): 167-75.
OBJECTIVE: Burn injuries produce severe wound care pain that is
ideally controlled on intensive burn care units with high-dosage intravenous
opioid medications. We report a case illustrating the use of HYPNOSIS for
pain management when one opioid medication was ineffective. SETTING:
Intensive burn care unit at a regional trauma center. PATIENT: A 55-year-old
man with an extensive burn suffered from significant respiratory depression
from a low dosage of opioid during wound care and also experienced
uncontrolled pain. INTERVENTION: Rapid induction hypnotic analgesia. OUTCOME
MEASURES: Verbal numeric pain scale, and pain and anxiolytic medication
usage. RESULTS: The introduction of HYPNOSIS, supplemented by little or no
opioids, resulted in excellent pain control, absence of need for
supplemental anxiolytic medication, shortened length of wound care, and a
positive staff response over a 14-day period. CONCLUSIONS: This case
illustrates that HYPNOSIS can not only be used easily and quite
appropriately in a busy medical intensive care unit environment, but that
sometimes this treatment may be a very useful alternative when opioid pain
medication proves to be dangerous and ineffective. This case also
illustrates possible clinical implications both pain relief and side-effect
profiles for opioid receptor specificity. Although this report does not
provide data regarding hypnotic mechanisms, it is clear that with some
patients nonopioid inhibitory mechanisms can be activated in a highly
effective manner, that clinical context may be important for the activation
of those pathways, and that those mechanisms may be accessed more easily
than opioid mechanisms.
Spiegel,
D. and R. Moore (1997). "Imagery and HYPNOSIS in the treatment of
cancer patients." Oncology (Huntingt) 11(8): 1179-89; discussion
1189-95.
Many patients with cancer often seek some means of connecting their
mental activity with the unwelcome events occurring in their bodies, via
techniques such as imagery and HYPNOSIS. HYPNOSIS has been shown to be an
effective method for controlling cancer pain. The techniques most often
employed involve physical relaxation coupled with imagery that provides a
substitute focus of attention for the painful sensation. Other related
imagery techniques, such as guided imagery, involve attention to internally
generated mental images without the formal use of HYPNOSIS. The most
well-known of these techniques involves the use of "positive mental
images" of a strong army of white blood cells killing cancer cells.
Despite claims to the contrary, no reliable evidence has shown that this
technique affects disease progression or survival. Studies evaluating more
broadly defined forms psychosocial support have come to conflicting
conclusions about whether or not these interventions affect survival of
cancer patients. However, 10-year follow-up of a randomized trial involving
86 women with cancer showed that a year of weekly
"supportive/expressive" group therapy significantly increased
survival duration and time from recurrence to death. This intervention
encourages patients to express and deal with strong emotions and also
focuses on clarifying doctor-patient communication. Numerous other studies
suggest that suppression of negative affect, excessive conformity, severe
stress, and lack of social support predict a poorer medical outcome from
cancer. Thus, further investigation into the interaction between body and
mind in coping with cancer is warranted.
Ashton,
C., Jr., G. C. Whitworth, et al. (1997). "Self-HYPNOSIS reduces anxiety
following coronary artery bypass surgery. A prospective, randomized
trial." J Cardiovasc Surg (
Torino
) 38(1): 69-75.
OBJECTIVE: The role of complementary medicine techniques has
generated increasing interest in today's society. The purpose of our study
was to evaluate the effects of one technique, self-HYPNOSIS, and its role in
coronary artery bypass surgery. We hypotesize that self-HYPNOSIS relaxation
techniques will have a positive effect on the patient's mental and physical
condition following coronary artery bypass surgery. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A
prospective, randomized trial was conducted. Patients were followed
beginning one day prior to surgery until the time of discharge from the
hospital. SETTING: The study was conducted at
Columbia
Presbyterian
Medical
Center
, a large tertiary care teaching institution. PATIENTS: All patients
undergoing first-time elective coronary artery bypass surgery were eligible.
A total of 32 patients were randomized into two groups. INTERVENTIONS: The
study group was taught self-HYPNOSIS relaxation techniques preoperatively,
with no therapy in the control group. MEASURES: Outcome variables studied
included anesthetic requirements, operative parameters, postoperative pain
medication requirements, quality of life, hospital stay, major morbidity and
mortality. RESULTS: Patients who were taught self-HYPNOSIS relaxation
techniques were significantly more relaxed postoperatively compared to the
control group (p=0.032). Pain medication requirements were also
significantly less in patients practising the self-HYPNOSIS relaxation
techniques that those who were noncompliant (p=0.046). No differences were
noted in intraoperative parameters, morbidity or mortality. CONCLUSION: This
study demonstrates the beneficial effects self-HYPNOSIS relaxation
techniques on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. It also
provides a framework to study complementary techniques and the limitations
encountered.
